The Upland Hunter's Guide to Sub Gauge Shotguns: From A5 Sweet Sixteens to Rare Gauges
As a lifelong upland hunter and outdoor writer, I’ve always been fascinated by the nuances of shotgun selection. While 12 gauge remains the dominant choice for many, there’s a growing appreciation for the elegance and effectiveness of sub gauge shotguns. This article dives deep into the world of smaller gauges – from the popular 16 gauge and 28 gauge to the increasingly sought-after A5 Sweet Sixteen upland models and even the historical significance (and current restrictions) surrounding gauges like 8 and 5 gauge. We’ll explore why hunters are choosing these options, the challenges of finding ammunition, and what you need to know before making the switch. Understanding the history of these gauges, including why some 8 gauge shells banned, is crucial for any serious shotgun enthusiast.
Why Choose a Sub Gauge Shotgun for Upland Hunting?
The appeal of sub gauge shotguns isn’t about raw power; it’s about refinement and a more challenging, rewarding hunting experience. Here’s a breakdown of the key benefits:
- Reduced Recoil: This is perhaps the biggest draw. Smaller gauges produce significantly less recoil, allowing for faster follow-up shots and a more comfortable day in the field, especially for smaller-framed hunters or those sensitive to recoil.
- Increased Challenge: Sub gauges demand more precise shooting. You have fewer pellets in the pattern, so shot placement is critical. This forces you to hone your skills and become a more deliberate hunter.
- Lighter Weight: Generally, sub gauge shotguns are lighter than their 12 gauge counterparts, making them easier to carry on long hunts.
- Classic Aesthetics: Many sub gauge shotguns, particularly older models like the Browning A5, boast beautiful craftsmanship and a classic look.
However, it’s important to acknowledge the drawbacks. Ammunition can be more expensive and harder to find, and the effective range is typically shorter than with a 12 gauge. But for many upland hunters, the benefits outweigh the challenges.
Popular Sub Gauge Options: A Closer Look
The 16 Gauge: A Sweet Spot
The 16 gauge is arguably the most popular sub gauge, often considered a “sweet spot” between the 12 and 20 gauge. It offers a good balance of power, recoil, and ammunition availability. The A5 Sweet Sixteen upland, a variant of the iconic Browning Auto-5, is particularly prized by collectors and hunters alike. These shotguns are known for their reliability and smooth action. Finding 16 gauge shotgun hulls for reloading is relatively common, making it a more economical option for high-volume shooters. Browning continues to produce limited runs of the Sweet Sixteen, fueling continued demand.
The 28 Gauge: For the Purist
The 28 gauge is a step down in power from the 16, offering even less recoil and demanding even greater shooting precision. It’s favored by experienced hunters who appreciate a true challenge. While ammunition availability isn’t as widespread as 16 gauge, it’s steadily improving. It’s an excellent choice for quail, grouse, and other smaller upland birds.
The 20 Gauge: A Versatile Choice
While often considered a step-up from sub gauges, the 20 gauge is a popular choice for youth hunters and those seeking a lighter-recoiling option. It’s incredibly versatile and can be used effectively on a wide range of upland game. Ammunition is readily available, and a wide variety of shotgun models are chambered in 20 gauge.
Venturing into Rarer Gauges: 5 Gauge, 8 Gauge, and Beyond
This is where things get interesting. Gauges like 5 and 8 gauge were popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly for market hunting. However, their use declined dramatically due to conservation concerns and regulations. The 5 gauge shotgun and 6 gauge shotgun are now largely collector’s items. The reason 8 gauge shells banned in many areas stems from the sheer destructive power of the gauge and its impact on bird populations during a time of unregulated hunting. Finding ammunition for these gauges is extremely difficult and expensive, often requiring custom reloading. These gauges represent a fascinating piece of shotgun history, but are generally impractical for modern upland hunting.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
This is the biggest hurdle for sub gauge shooters. Ammunition for 16 and 28 gauge is generally more expensive than 12 gauge, and availability can fluctuate. Here’s a general overview:
| Gauge | Ammunition Cost (per box of 25) | Availability |
|---|---|---|
| 12 Gauge | $8 - $20 | Widely Available |
| 16 Gauge | $15 - $30 | Moderate |
| 20 Gauge | $10 - $25 | Widely Available |
| 28 Gauge | $20 - $40 | Limited |
| 5/8 Gauge | $50+ (if available) | Extremely Limited |
Reloading is a popular option for sub gauge shooters, allowing you to control costs and ensure a consistent supply of ammunition. Resources like MidwayUSA and Hodgdon Powder offer extensive reloading information and supplies.
Legal Considerations and Regulations
Before hunting with a sub gauge shotgun, it’s crucial to check your state’s hunting regulations. Some states may have restrictions on the gauges allowed for specific game species. Additionally, regulations regarding shot size and plug requirements apply to all shotguns, regardless of gauge. Always consult your state’s wildlife agency (National Park Service often links to state resources) for the most up-to-date information.
Choosing the Right Sub Gauge Shotgun
Several factors should influence your decision:
- Target Game: For smaller birds like quail and grouse, a 28 gauge might be ideal. For larger birds like pheasant and grouse, a 16 gauge offers more versatility.
- Shooting Experience: If you’re a relatively new shooter, a 20 or 16 gauge might be a better starting point than a 28 gauge.
- Ammunition Availability: Consider the availability and cost of ammunition in your area.
- Budget: Sub gauge shotguns can range in price from a few hundred dollars to several thousand, depending on the model and condition.
Popular manufacturers of sub gauge shotguns include Browning, Beretta, Benelli, and Remington. Research different models and read reviews before making a purchase. Consider visiting a local gun range to try out different gauges and see which one feels best for you.
Responsible Hunting and Conservation
Regardless of the gauge you choose, it’s essential to practice responsible hunting ethics and support conservation efforts. Follow the principles of Leave No Trace, respect wildlife, and obey all hunting regulations. By doing so, we can ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy the thrill of upland bird hunting. The USDA Forest Service and state wildlife agencies offer valuable resources on ethical hunting practices and conservation initiatives.
Final Thoughts
The world of sub gauge shotguns offers a unique and rewarding hunting experience. While they may not be the most practical choice for everyone, they provide a compelling alternative for hunters seeking a greater challenge, reduced recoil, and a connection to shotgunning history. Whether you’re drawn to the classic elegance of an A5 Sweet Sixteen upland or the pure challenge of a 28 gauge, exploring these smaller gauges can elevate your upland hunting adventures. Remember to prioritize safety, practice responsible hunting ethics, and enjoy the beauty of the outdoors.
Disclaimer: I am an outdoor enthusiast and writer, not a legal or firearms expert. This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional advice. Always consult your state’s hunting regulations and follow all safety guidelines when handling firearms.